Sensors and security: smartphone terms explained
8 terms. Back to the full glossary.
- In-display fingerprint sensor
- A fingerprint reader under the screen, either optical (uses light) or ultrasonic (uses sound waves). Ultrasonic sensors are typically more accurate with wet fingers and are less affected by screen guards. Optical ones are common and cheaper. Compare reviews for speed and reliability. Related: Side-mounted fingerprint sensor, Face unlock, Screen protector and pre-applied film.
- Side-mounted fingerprint sensor
- A fingerprint reader built into the power button on the side of the phone. It is usually fast and reliable and works well with cases. Easy to reach with a thumb or finger on many phones. Related: In-display fingerprint sensor, Face unlock.
- Face unlock
- Unlocking with your face. Camera-based versions are convenient but less secure than 3D systems that map depth. Camera-only face unlock is generally not accepted for payments. 3D depth systems are more secure and work in the dark. Related: In-display fingerprint sensor, Secure hardware.
- Secure hardware (TEE / secure element)
- An isolated part of the phone that stores biometric data and keys away from the main system. It protects fingerprints, face data and payment credentials. It is a good sign for payment security. Related: Face unlock, In-display fingerprint sensor.
- Gyroscope and accelerometer
- Sensors that detect rotation and movement, used for screen rotation, games, AR and stabilisation. A gyroscope is needed for good video stabilisation and some games. Almost all current phones have both. Related: EIS, Magnetometer.
- Magnetometer (compass)
- A sensor that detects magnetic fields to give compass direction. It is needed for map direction. Some very cheap phones omit it. Related: Gyroscope and accelerometer, NavIC.
- Proximity and ambient light sensors
- Sensors that turn the screen off during calls and adjust brightness to surroundings. They are standard and quietly affect daily use. Poor tuning can cause auto-brightness to feel off. Related: Nits, Always-on display.
- Haptic motor (vibration)
- The motor that makes the phone vibrate. Linear motors give crisp, short taps; older rotary motors feel buzzy. Good haptics make typing and gestures feel better. It is hard to judge from specs, so try it in person. Related: Gaming phone, Touch sampling rate.